USMI joined a coalition of housing finance organizations including the American Bankers Association (ABA), Housing Policy Council (HPC), and the Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) in responding to one element of the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s (FHFA) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) on enhancements to the Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework (ERCF). The organizations raised concerns regarding the method of calculating a borrower’s representative credit score once the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) migrate to the bi-merge credit report requirements. The coalition recommends that loan-level GSE data from 1999 forward should be published sooner than 4Q 2023 to allow for the necessary analysis and impact assessment ahead of the proposed implementation in 1Q 2024. In addition, the organizations call for FHFA to work more closely with the industry to fully assess operational and regulatory compliance considerations for mortgage market participants, including for the notices and disclosures required under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Click here to read the letter.

USMI submitted a statement for the record to the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance for its July 20 hearing, “The Role of Tax Incentives in Affordable Housing.” USMI writes “that there are tax policies that can be improved in order to help American family achieve the American Dream of homeownership. More specifically, we strongly support S. 3590, the Middle Class Mortgage Insurance Premium Act of 2022, a bipartisan bill introduced by Senators Maggie Hassan and Roy Blunt.” See here for the full letter.

USMI submitted a comment letter to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in response to its Request for Information (RFI) on the assessment of the 2015 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Rule. In the letter, USMI discusses the importance of the HMDA Rule in eliminating lender discrimination and its value in monitoring how regulatory changes impact who receives mortgages. USMI believes that the benefits of the HMDA Rule’s expanded reporting requirements, including for compliance personnel and technology systems, outweigh the incremental costs for mortgage lenders to comply with the rule. We encourage the CFPB to work with the FHFA to expand analytical capabilities by publicly releasing more granular loan-level mortgage origination data. Click here to read the full letter.

In November 2021, USMI submitted a comment letter to the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) on its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) on “Amendments to the Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework (ERCF) Rule – Prescribed Leverage Buffer Amount and Credit Risk Transfer.” In its comments, USMI writes the final rule ensures the Enterprises have sufficient levels of capital to withstand a steep economic downturn but recommends the following to FHFA:  

• Adjust credit risk transfer (CRT) minimum risk weight floor to lower than 5 percent. USMI writes that any CRT floor should be designed to consider whether it will have the unintended consequences of discouraging the use of CRT or motivate CRT structures in which the Enterprises retain credit risk simply to justify the arbitrary capital floor. It urges FHFA to consider adjusting the CRT minimum risk weight floor lower than its proposed 5 percent change to a level closer to the statistically determined risk in a retained position to better align the CRT decisioning with the underlying economics and risks posed by the transaction. USMI also recommends FHFA establish and make public the model used to assess the CRT capital benefit, the statistical basis for any floor, and an analysis of the CRT capital treatment impact on the statutory goals of the Enterprises.  
• Consider alternative methods to determine the Prescribed Leverage Buffer Amount (PLBA). USMI agrees that the PLBA needs to be adjusted, and that 1.5 percent is excessive, but it recommends FHFA consider alternative methods of determining the amount of the PLBA that more closely relate to risk than the Stability Capital Buffer. USMI writes that it emphatically agrees that the PLBA should not be the usual binding constraint on the Enterprises. However, the NPR does not explain why 50 percent of the Stability Capital Buffer is the appropriate standard. The Stability Capital Buffer itself is a subjectively determined capital requirement and no rationale has been provided for why 5 basis points times market share over 5 percent is chosen, how it is related to the risk, or why the threat to the national housing finance system is not adequately dealt with through the other elements of the ERCF.  
• Reduce the single-family risk weight floor to 10 percent or less. USMI recommends the minimum 20 percent risk weight floor for single-family mortgages be reduced to 10 percent or less to more accurately account for the improvements in mortgage lending since the 2008 financial crisis, and to reflect and allow for credit enhancement, while also still requiring the Enterprises to hold an amount of capital against remote credit risk exposure more accurately. Reducing the single-family risk weight floor to 10 percent or less better achieves this outcome.  
• Make changes to the Countercyclical Adjustment. While FHFA does not discuss in the NPR, USMI does comment on the Countercyclical Adjustment impact within the 2020 ERCF final rule. Significant home price appreciation (HPA), such as what occurred over the last two years, under the Countercyclical Adjustment, will require the Enterprises to hold more capital against higher mark-to-market loan-to-value (MTMLTV) loans, likely resulting in increased pricing of these loans. Specifically, USMI urges FHFA to:  
  
  • Reconsider and recalibrate the Countercyclical Adjustment. USMI recommends this to ensure the outcome of this adjustment meet FHFA’s policy objectives and considers real-world scenarios where there is significant home price appreciation above or below an inflation adjusted long-term trend.   
  • Report on whether significant HPA is based on market fundamentals or something else. While FHFA notes in the final rule it does not have discretion around the Countercyclical Adjustment, this should be re-evaluated. Based on market data, including FHFA’s own Housing Price Index, the agency should determine and report on why home prices are escalating. It may be appropriate for FHFA to have discretion to cap capital increases to up to 20 percent when HPA exceeds a certain threshold, rather than allowing for a 40-50 percent increase as would be applicable in today’s market with today’s market HPA.  
  • Consider recalibrating the Countercyclical Adjustment based on the reassessment. To address the significant impact that the current approach can have on the required capital, and thus the pricing of certain loans, FHFA should consider the different recommendations made in the 2020 NPR responses, including using asymmetric MTMLTV collars, and/or allowing for wider collars (perhaps 7.5 or 10 percent) during increased HPA versus when home prices are declining, or capping the capital increases to up to 20 percent when HPA exceeds a certain threshold. 
  • Simplify the language and formula for the Countercyclical Adjustment. The Countercyclical Adjustment element of the ERCF is extremely complex and difficult to analyze.  It would benefit all stakeholders if FHFA took a more direct and simpler to read and analyze approach to this section. 

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U.S. Mortgage Insurers (USMI) is dedicated to a housing finance system backed by private capital that enables access to housing finance for borrowers while protecting taxpayers. Mortgage insurance offers an effective way to make mortgage credit available to more people. USMI is ready to help build the future of homeownership. Learn more at www.usmi.org.